INTERNET
ARPANET Pioneers Build a Reliable Network
a) Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork (ARPANET) is predecessor to the Internet
b) It was developed at the request of the Department of Defense by a team of visionary computer scientists
c) It was launched in 1969
d) Peer-to-peer networking philosophy and protocols were copied in other networks in 1980s
e) By 1990, its technology spawned Internet
DEFINITION OF INTERNET
a) The Internet is an interconnected network of thousands of networks.
b) Internet Protocols (IP)
c) IP is the address for the packets
i. Each Internet host computer has a unique IP address
ii. Each address is comprised of four sets of numbers separated by periods, such as 123.23.168.22
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
a) Domain name system is an easier way to remember internet address compare to IP address. These are example of first stage domain and Country Code Name.
TOP LEVEL DOMAIN
Top Level Domain | Notes |
.biz | Business |
.edu | education sites |
.com | commercial sites |
.gov | government sites |
.mil | military sites |
.net | network administrator sites |
.org | organization sites |
COUNTRY CODE NAME
Country | Code |
Malaysia | my |
Singapura | sg |
Indonesia | Id |
Negara Thai | th |
China | cn |
Amerika Syarikat | us |
United Kingdom | uk |
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATER (URL)
URL is represents the global web address of document, including web pages or image files and program such as CGI application or Java Applet.
Protocol://host/path/filename
Eg:http://www.polikk.edu.my/index.php
§ protocol : http
§ Computer host : www
§ Second level domain : polikk
§ Top level domain : edu
§ Country internet code : my
§ File Name : index.php
List of the different resource prefixes:
§ file - a file located on your hard drive or some other local drive
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. Communication:
The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computer’s Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village.
Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.
The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computer’s Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village.
Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.
2. Information
Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less.
Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, America’s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going online to retrieve health information.
Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less.
Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, America’s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going online to retrieve health information.
3. Entertainment
Entertainment is another popular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find lifelong partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.
Entertainment is another popular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find lifelong partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.
4. Services
Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.
Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.
5. E-Commerce
Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment.
Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment.
DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. Theft of Personal information
If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.
If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.
2. Spamming
Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.
Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.
3. Virus threat
Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.
Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.
4. Pornography
This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental life. A very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.
This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental life. A very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.
INTERNET COMPONENTS
a) Access- To interact directly with the Internet requires some form of access or connectivity to the Internet.
b) Chat - IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is used for live discussions on the Internet.
c) E-commerce - Taking orders for products and services on the Internet.
d) E-mail - Exchanging electronic letters, messages, and small files.
e) FTP - File Transfer Protocol is the most common method of transferring files between computers via the Internet.
f) Hosting - Making information available to others on the Internet
g) Mailing Lists - E-mail messages forwarded to everyone on a special interest list.
h) Search Engines - These tools are really a part of the World Wide Web and are often used when looking for information because the Web has grown so large and is without any inherent organizational structure.
i) Telnet - Creation of a dumb terminal session to a host computer in order to run software applications on the host system.
j) Usenet - Newsgroups for receiving news and sending out announcements.
k) World Wide Web - This is largest, fastest growing, part of the Internet, the part for which Internet browsers like Netscape’s Navigator and Microsoft’s Explorer were designed. Business is the leading factor fueling the rapid growth of the Web making information, advertising, and product ordering readily available to everyone with Web access.
TYPES OF BROWSERS
1. INTERNET EXPLORER
This is the most widely-used web browser by people around the world. It was developed by Microsoft in 1994 and released in 1995 as a supportive package to Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. It is presently known as Windows Internet Explorer, was formerly called Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE), and more is commonly known as IE. People have a misconception that browsing the Internet is possible only through Internet Explorer. They are unaware of various web browsers that are available. This simply proves that Internet Explorer is used by the majority. According to statistics, its usage share from 1999 to 2003-04 was around 95%. Since then, there has been a lot of competition in the market, with many software companies coming up with web browsers that challenge IE in their features and usage. Microsoft occasionally releases updates to their previous versions of IE, which have some enhanced capabilities. The latest version is Internet Explorer 8 which is a free update. The 'favicon', which is the favorites icon was introduced first in IE, and was later adopted by many other web browsers. Initially, IE did not support tabbed browsing, but today, it can be used even in the older versions, by installing toolbars.
2. MOZILLA FIREFOX
It is owned by Mozilla Corporation and was the result of an experimentation. This browser has gone through many name changes due to name clashes with other products. 'Mozilla Firefox' was officially announced in February 2004. It was earlier named Phoenix, Firebird, and eventually Firefox. It is the second-most famous browser after Internet Explorer, as there were around 100 million downloads within a year of its release. Until November 2008, 700 million downloads were recorded. Since the release of Firefox, the sale of Internet Explorer has gone down drastically. It has around 22% of the market share at present. It has undergone many updates and version changes that were made to improve usability to the universal users. It can be used on most operating systems, but was found to be more prone to vulnerabilities. However, the problems were fixed in the newer versions. As it is an open source software, its source code is available, thus allowing everyone to access the code. It supports tabbed browsing that allows the user to open multiple sites in a single window. Session storage is also an important feature of Firefox, which allows the user to regain access to the open tabs after he has closed the browser window. Apart from these, there are many user-friendly features that Firefox offers.
3. SAFARI
This is a web browser from Apple Inc., which is compatible with Mac OS X operating system, Microsoft Windows, and the iPhone OS. Safari was released by Apple in January 2003 as a public beta. As of March 2009, the market share of Safari has gone up to 8.23%. The Safari 4 beta release claims to have many features like VoiceOver Screen Reader, that reads aloud everything that takes place on the screen, with text and web links. It also has features like CSS Canvas, LiveConnect, XML 1.0, and JavaScript support, and Cover Flow. 'Grammar Checking' is an interesting built-in feature, which performs a grammar check on the typed text and gives suggestions to correct your sentence if wrong. If you need to fill an online form with your personal information, AutoFill is a feature that automatically does that for you, with the help of information that is stored in your address book or Outlook. Safari supports all the functions that are available in other web browsers.
4. OPERA
This web browser was developed by Opera Software in 1996. It is a well-known browser that is mainly used in Internet-activated mobile phones, PDAs, and smartphones. Opera Mini and Opera Mobile are the browsers used in PDAs and smartphones. It is compatible with many operating systems such as Solaris, Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Though it is not a renowned computer web browser, it is popular as a web browser in mobile devices. It is also compatible with Symbian and Windows Mobile operating systems for smartphones and PDAs. Opera 9.64 which is the latest version, provides an e-mail client known as the Opera Mail. The company claims that Opera is the fastest browser in the world. It also has some common functions like zoom and fit-to-width, content blocking, tabs and sessions, download manager with BitTorrent, and mouse gestures.
5. GOOGLE CHROME
This web browser was developed by Google. Its beta and commercial versions were released in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows. It has soon become the fourth-most widely used web browser with a market share of 1.23%. The browser versions for Mac OS X are under development. The browser options are very similar to that of Safari, the settings locations are similar to Internet Explorer 7, and the window design is based on Windows Vista.
6. NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR/NETSCAPE
It was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation and was most popular in the 1990s. Exceptional features were provided at the time of its release, which helped it rise to fame with a market share of more than 50% in the 1990s. It was compatible with almost every operating system. Since 2002, it has almost disappeared from the market due to strong competition from rivals like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc. It had undergone many version changes to maintain its stake in the market, none of which were very successful.
EMAIL CLIENTS
a) A program used to read and send email messages.
b) As opposed to the email server, which transports mail, an email client is what the user interacts with.
c) Typical email clients are Outlook Express or Eudora.
FTP CLIENTS
a) An FTP client will allow you to transfer files from one computer or server to another with the click of a button. All you need is the computer's name and a user name and password for yourself. After entering this information into the client you will be able to transfer files to and from your computer from other computers.
b) This is useful in Web page design if you have composed a Web page on your computer and want to upload it to your hosting provider online. It is also useful if you want to edit one of your existing pages. All you have to do is download the page from the hosting provider's server to your computer, edit the file and re-upload it.
NEWSGROUPS
a) A newsgroup is an Internet-based discussion about a particular topic. These topics range from sports, cars, investing, teen problems, and some stuff that probably don't want to know about.
b) Users post messages to a news server which then sends them to a bunch of other participating servers. Then other users can access the newsgroup and read the postings.
PUBLISHING ON THE WEBa) HTTP (Hypertext transfer protocol) used to
transfer Web pages
transfer Web pages
b) HTML (Hypertext markup language) created for encoding and displaying documents
c) Plug-In and helper application :
· RealOne, QuickTime, Shockwave/Flash, RealPlayer, Adobe Reader and Acrobat
d) Programs that convert document format features into HTML codes:
· Microsoft Word, PowerPoint
e) Web authoring programs:
· Dreamweaver, Microsoft FrontPage
SEARCH ENGINE
a) Search engines are designed to make it easier to find information on the Web
b) Web Crawlers or Spiders—software robots that systematically search Web
c) Some search engines use keywords and Boolean logic to conduct searches
d) Other search engines conduct searches using a hierarchical directory or subject tree
e) Specialized search engines—Google Maps, Ask.com, yahoo.com, Shopzilla.com and others
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